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TOPRAK ANALİZİ
RAPOR SORGULAMA

ANTEPFISTIĞI ORTALAMA SATIŞ FİYATI

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FERTILISER APPLICATION FROM THE SOIL AND LEAVES ON COMPOSITION OF LEAVES, GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF PISTACHIOS IN GAZIANTEP REGION

(1987 – 1991)

Dr. Huseyin TEKIN¹                                    Prof. Dr.Nuri GUZEL²

Objective

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fertiliser application from the soil and leaves on productivity, product quality, length of shot, presentation of loss of fruit  buds, and the nutrient content of the leaves of pistachios in Gaziantep region.

Materials and Methods

Uzun pistachio variety which was 37 years old full productive level of trees was used for treatments.  Nitrogen in 3 treatments (trt 1: control, no nitrogen, trt 2: 400 gr N/tree, trt 3: 800 gr N/tree) phosphor in 2 treatments (trt 1: control, trt 2: 600 grP₂O₅/tree) and 400 gr K₂O/tree to the all treatments were applied from the soil to the first group trees. In the second group, addition of 60 kg burned farm fertiliser were followed by the above treatments and in addition, plant nutrient components were spread 3 times from the leaves.

Results

The results of this research showed that application of 800 gr N, 600 gr P2O5, 400 gr K2, 60 kg burned farm fertiliser/tree to the soil and spraying fertiliser 3 times from the leaves increased the productivity 50% and decreased the loss of fruit  buds 38%. Application of burned farm fertiliser was found to be more effective on productivity and production. The fruit size was analysed as 93 fruits/100 g for without application of fertilisers whereas 87 fruits/100 gr with application of fertiliser. These results showed that application of fertilisers increased the fruit size and they also increased the cracked ratio from 66% (control) to 87%. Inside fruit yield per 100 gr dried red shell pistachios was increased from 40.5% (control) to 43.3% by application of high level of fertiliser. Application of nitrogen from the soil and the other treatments from the leaves increased the length of shot. None of the treatments was an effective on protein  and fat percentages. Treatments increased the levels of N, P, K, Fe and Mn % on the leaves but they were not effective on macro and micro nutrient elements. Combined application of fertilisers from the soil and leaves increased the levels of N, P, K but increased level of nitrogen was higher than the others when the average levels of nutrient contents within 3 years  were analysed. The levels of Fe and Mn were increased by the application of treatments from the leaves. Data of correlation of the nutrient contents of the leaves, yield, fruit quality, length of shot and decreasing level of loss of fruit  buds (preventing peryodicide) showed that yield, quality of fruit were increased and the loss of fruit  buds was decreased, the length of shot increased with increasing levels of N, while the levels of  N and P were increased. Increasing levels of K on the leaves increased the size of fruits and the cracked ratio whereas increasing levels of Fe decreased the loss of fruit  buds.There was no correlation was found between the levels of Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu on the leaves and the properties of fruit.The results showed that the application of 800 gr N, 600 gr P₂O₅, 400 gr K₂O and 60 kg burned farm fertiliser was found to be more economical than it is combined application with 3 times application from the leaves despite the increased amount of yield.

Key Words; pistachio nut, fertilise, yield, quality

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¹ Pistachio Research Institute in Gaziantep/Turkey

²: University of Cukurova Department of Soil  – ADANA